The New Year Festival in Vietnam and in America - 2153 Words

The New Year Festival in Vietnam and in America Introduction Although different countries in the world have different festivals and holidays, there is a momentous event that annually they all eagerly long for. It is the New Year festival which marks the pivotal point of a new period of time with the pure and pristine beginning for individuals. However, each nation has its own traditions, customs and values partly reflected in the celebration of the New Year festival. The ways of holding the festival in Viet Nam and in America are of no exception. The two countries belonging to two geographical locations and cultures share some certain similarities but mostly they show many obvious distinctions in the New Year celebration. Body†¦show more content†¦America, on the other hand, belongs to the industrial culture with rapid pace of life. Thus, they have less time to spend for the holiday With Vietnamese and American, the New Year festival gains different special significance. The Vietnamese New Year celebration is more complex and charged with more symbolic meanings than the American one. Vietnamese people strongly believe that the New Year demonstrates connections, renewals, thanksgivings and hopes. New Year traditions maintain linkages between people of living generations in the real world with the dead in the spiritual world. The connections for every family at this time are not only the gathering of all the relatives living far from the hometown but also the reunions with the spirit of ancestors. This belief presents a part of Vietnamese national identity and exerts considerable influence on many Vietnamese people. They usually return to their family during Tet. Some visit the graves of thei r parents and grandparents, removing weeds and worshiping to invoke the souls of the dead to visit the family home. American, however, does not take the New Year festival as serious as Vietnamese people. They regard this time as a public holiday bringing fireworks, parties, gifts and musical events and an occasion for family to hold special dinner. Another difference in celebrating the New Year festivalShow MoreRelatedUnited States Withdrawal From Vietnam Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States Withdrawal From Vietnam America went to war in Vietnam with an aim of destroying the Vietcong to protect South Vietnam from Communism. America was against communism and they wanted to stop the spread of it. They did not achieve what they set out to do as they had many boundaries in their way. Events both inside and outside of Vietnam led to the withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam. I am going to be looking at the reasons as to why American troopsRead MoreThe Vietnamese Culture Essay1417 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vietnamese culture is one of the oldest among the countries in Southeast Asia. Primarily, the Bronze Age Dong Son Culture is considered imperative among the Vietnamese. The 1000 years of Chinese rule, however, has eroded some of the important Vietnam’s traditions, especially governance and politics. Furthermore, the nation has a rich history, beneficial climatic conditions, and notable physical features. Although modernization has changed the different aspects of the Vietnamese, various practicesRead MoreThe Invention Of The 1960 S1319 Words   |  6 Pagesat how things were before and after the 60’s, it shows how dramatically things changed in that period of time. In America during the 1950’s Martin Luther King Jr. changed the world with his historical speech. Coming into the 1960’s, African Americans now had equal rights just like any other citizen. Some people were t hrilled with this, however it took some people to get used to the new drastic change. Throughout the 60’s African Americans still struggled with prejudice people, but things got betterRead MoreDifferent Aspects Of The Vietnamese Culture Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pages Vietnam The Vietnamese culture is one of the oldest among the countries in Southeast Asia. Primarily, the Bronze Age Dong Son Culture is considered imperative among the Vietnamese. The 1000 years of Chinese rule, however, has eroded some of the important Vietnamese traditions, especially governance and politics. Furthermore, the nation has a rich history, beneficial climatic conditions, and notable physical features. Although modernization has changed the different aspects of the VietnameseRead More Music During the Vietnam War Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesMusic During the Vietnam War Throughout time, music has been an influential part of society. As a form of entertainment and expression, its impact has always been felt both economically and emotionally. During the Vietnam war, music evolved into more a form of expression rather than pure entertainment. Emotionally charged songs became a method to oppose the war, and vent frustrations. While many songs opposed the war, numerous others focused on peace and happiness. They provided a positiveRead MoreEssay on Drug Use in the 1960s1519 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Use in the 1960s The time: the 1960s. The place: United States of America. Who? The youth. Doing what? Using drugs. Why? Many reasons. The 1960s proved to be a very turbulent time in the history of American youth growing up. There were many different activist movements all over the country. The primary drug user was the male college student involved in politics. He used mostly marijuana, some cocaine or LSD and of course alcohol. The sixites culminated with perhaps the biggest public sceneRead MoreThe Role of the Vietnam War on the 1960s1807 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War played a huge role in the 1960’s, over 50,000 people were killed, and the war began from a dispute from two colonies. Vietnam came apart along with Korea by an agreement of the north and the south. When John F Kennedy became president there were problems between Soviet Union and the United States. Cold war was getting worse and worse; President Eisenhower had to resolve the issues with berlin and Dictator Fidel Castro. These conflicts would eventually lead to a cordial resolutionRead MoreVietnam War : History And History1695 Words   |  7 Pages http://www.scribd.com/doc/28238272/Vietnam-War-DBQ#scribd Throughout the 1960s and 1970s Americans became uneasy not only about the troubled position of the United States in world affairs, but also about the disorder wrought at home byforeign entanglements. Vietnam, either because of the searing war experience itself or because of the lessons Americans later drew from the experience, drastically altered society during the1960s and 1970s. The belief in the right to influence the internal affairsRead MoreWar Is An Evil To Mankind That Can Bring Devastation Downfall1589 Words   |  7 Pagesand my uncle; Tuan Pham are veterans who survive through the Vietnam civil wars in 1960-1975. I feel really honor to have them as part of my family and be able to hear war stories from both of them. They take in account of story about obstacles which they face every day in combat. Both of my family members are very intelligent and lucky to be able to live through those hard times of violent, destruction, and havoc. In 19th century Vietnam was part of European colonial under controlled by the FrenchRead MoreThe Effects of The Beatles Legacy1271 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica in the 50’s and early 60’s was a conservative country having recently been involved in World War II and the Korean war, and now facing the rising tide of communism. Americans were missing that little bit of excitement in their lives and people were very inhibited. They needed an outlet to let their suppressed feelings out. Then came four lads from England that would soon shock the world, who called themselves the Beatles. The Beatles in the 1960’s positively impacted America by changing the

Television Is An American Staple Essay - 1042 Words

Television is an American staple. According to Mitchell Stephens, Professor of Journalism and Mass Communication at New York University, Television as we know it, was first introduced in 1927.(Stevens) currently over 98% of American households have at least 1 television set and the average American watches around 3 to 4 hours of television daily. The thought that television can entertain and inform as well as influence is equally powerful and disturbing. As early as the 1920 s, Thomas Edison recognized the potential of television as medium of influence. He stated â€Å"the motion picture is destined to revolutionize our educational system and...in a few years it will supplant largely, if not entirely, the use of textbooks†( qtd in Fabos). After hearing a song on the radio or a commercial jingle on TV more than 1000 times, that tune just gets stuck in your head. Similarly, the portrayals of television programs become part of our being and therefore can subtly influence attit udes behaviors and ultimately values. Sometimes these changes are for the better, sometimes not. Before the airing of the Edmond Pettis Bridge incident, where peaceful civil rights protesters, including women and children, who along with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr,. were marching from Selma to Montgomery, were attacked with high pressure fire hose spay, police dogs and officers with batons, the world knew little about the vehement treatment of an entire race of people. Everyone understood segregation, butShow MoreRelatedThe Western as a Film Genre1449 Words   |  6 Pagesproduction of Westerns caused by the advent of sound and The Great Depression during the mid 1930’s, it is considered one of the key films that helped revived the A-Western in the 1940’s prior to WWII. Stagecoach has the classic Western recipe. The main staple of that recipe in Stagecoach were authentically dressed cowboys and town folk, the dress determined who or what they were; transportation in th e form of horses, wagons, or stagecoaches; an authentic location, Monument Valley for example; and varyingRead MoreStaples Market Structure1594 Words   |  7 PagesStaples Market Structure ECO/365 August 1, 2012 Moises Rodriguez Abstract â€Å"Market structure refers to the physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact.† Currently the office supply market is saturated and the competition is tight. The leading contenders for this type of market are Staples and Office Depot, but there are many choices available to consumers looking to get the most value for office supplies. It is ironic that both Staples and Office Depot openedRead MoreIs Bloomington A Traditional Democratic College Town?1721 Words   |  7 PagesIndependent coffee shops seem to be one of the most interesting trends. According to the National Coffee Association, coffee has been popular in the United States since the American Revolution, when new Americans became outraged at the tax on tea. The rest is literally history. Since then, plain coffee has been an American staple generation after generation. It wasn’t until the Starbucks franchise took off in the 1980s when specialized coffee became popular, and more importantly, hip. In the 1990sRead MoreMerger Types with Examples903 Words   |  4 Pag esThey serve the same market and sell the same product. Examples: Staples, Inc., a superstore retailer of office supplies, wanted to acquire Office Depot, another giant retailer of office supplies. This action would have left the newly merged Staples in the position as the only large office supply superstore in most places around the country. This creates an unfair advantage for Staples in the market. Market research showed that Staples would have then been able to increase their prices up to 13 percentRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society s Attitude Toward Pointing Out An Apparent Ongoing Struggle Between Whites And Blacks1668 Words   |  7 Pagesabout what is going wrong in the world, or is the media trying to create controversy and increase racial tensions to garner larger television audiences and sell more newspapers? Many stories in the news relate to racism: police brutality, education, crime; the media has a way of portraying these matters or specific incidents to suggest that a vast majority of Americans are racist. What might happen if the media, specifically, and society in general, were to focus on the good aspects of our worldRead MoreEtiology of Pediatric Obesity776 Words   |  3 Pagesenvironments for their children containing high fat, high-calorie, energy dense foods. High fat foods introduced from an early age, opening a window to a variety of fatty foods loathed as early as the toddler years. High caloric foods frequently purchased as staple items within these homes and with easy access, weight gain continues. These parents often have food orientation that rewards certain behaviors with food. This form of training causes toddlers to derive pleasure from food, therefore a greater desireRead More What is Soul Food? Essay1004 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"food made with feeling and care,† but in America, soul food simply refers to African-American cuisine (A History of Soul Food). In Imamu Amiri Baraka’s essay, â€Å"Soul Food† he describes how shocked he was to read an article that stated how â€Å"African-Americans have no language and no characteristic food.† So he argued against that supposed fact. I too was shocked and am agreeing with Baraka’s argument. African-Americans have had soul food for hundreds of years, if anything that is all they have everRead More Stop Literary Censorship Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pagesthree basic social institutions: the family, the church, and the state. Jersey City State Colleges Suzanne Staples says that from 1991 to 1994 the number of formal demands for the removal of books from public and school libraries has increased by more than fifty percent. Gottlieb says this desire to censor stems from many factors, including the increase in reading by Americans in recent decades, the greater number of students in schools, and changes in the manner in which literature isRead Morenn1939 Words   |  8 Pagesmust decide ourselves who we are and what we’d like to represent us†¦for it isn’t just Americans that tune in to popular programming; there are countless others around the planet that may never come across a black woman†¦and the image on TV is all they have to go by.† The phenomenon that black reality television has become in an overarching topic both in and outside the African American community. As the African American Community, especially women within the community continue to enjoy these shows for Read MoreRacism And Racism1002 Words   |  5 Pagesgeneralized because of the limited and inaccurate information and how media portray the picture of minorities. People have lack of knowledge about other religion and cultures and they make assumptions about based on information from news and some of the television shows. This is a definition that goes against the human standards. Just because a particular person from a particular race does something very wrong, everyone from that race is being discriminated by people from so-called other races. This practice

Marketing Strategy Dreamworld - 3593 Words

By Elaine Yiting SHAO DREAMERS PARADISE - DREAMWORLD SO MANY WORLDS IN ONE Name: Elaine Yiting SHAO ID: 1955 9224 Tutor: Blake Stanwick Unit Name: Tourism Marketing Unit Code: MKW2600 Word Count: 2876 ï ¿ ½ Table of Contents iiiExecutive Summary ï ¿ ½ 11 Introduction ï ¿ ½ 11.1 Purpose ï ¿ ½ 11.2 Scope ï ¿ ½ 11.3 Methodology ï ¿ ½ 11.4 Limitations ï ¿ ½ 11.5 Assumptions ï ¿ ½ 22 Background ï ¿ ½ 13 Identification of Market Segmentation ï ¿ ½ 13.1 Theory of Market Segmentation ï ¿ ½ 13.2 The Importance of Segmentation ï ¿ ½ 14 Analysing Market Segmentation Using Segmentation Variables ï ¿ ½ 14.1 Recognition of Appropriate Variables ï ¿ ½ 14.2 Application of Market Segmenting Using Different Variables ï ¿ ½ 14.2.1 Geographical Segmentation ï ¿ ½ 14.2.2 Demographic†¦show more content†¦Owned by Macquarie Leisure Trust Group, it serves local, interstate as well as overseas visitors, with the slogan So Many Worlds In One. Dreamworld is located in Coomera, Gold Coast in Queensland. It has entertaining facilities including the Worlds Tallest Freefall Drop Ride - the Giant Drop at 118m. The newest ride at Dreamworld is Flowrider. Other rides include the Tower of Terror (as of 2005 the worlds fifth fastest roller coaster), The Claw, a Ride Trade Gyro Swing, and Cyclone (a dual loop roller coaster). Dreamworld also includes a water park; several restaurants; childrens areas Nick Central, the new Wiggles World for toddlers and infants; as well as many themed playcentres such as Tiger Island, The Australian Wildlife Experience and Gold Rush Country. (Dreamworld, Gold Coast theme park, viewed: 16/09/06) ï ¿ ½ 3 IDENTIFICATION OF MARKET SEGMENTATION _3.1 THEORY OF MARKET SEGMENTATION_ According to Horner and Swarbrooke (2005: 39), Segmentation may be defined as the process of dividing a whole market into subgroups or segments for marketing management purposes. Market segmentation is the division of the overall market for a service into various categories with common characteristics. In response to different segments, organisations facilitate the available resources to achieve greater efficiency, in order to satisfy specific needs of customers. _3.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF SEGMENTATION_ Nowadays, tourism operators faceShow MoreRelatedA Brief Report On Marketing Mix1079 Words   |  5 Pagesthe new ride to Dreamworld. This report will provide a detailed analysis of Dreamworld’s current marketing mix and additionally provide recommended strategies to best promote the new ride. DREAMWORLD MARKETING MIX A marketing mix consists of Product, Place, Price and Promotion. It is fundamental to understand these four elements for developing an effective marketing strategy. Product Dreamworld offers a wide range of products and services to customers. Several services Dreamworld provides are rollercoasterRead MoreThe Representation of Women, Men, and Sexuality in Music Videos9715 Words   |  39 PagesOVERVIEW In this second update of 1991’s groundbreaking Dreamworlds, Sut Jhally critically examines the representation of women, men, and sexuality in music videos. Jhally’s primary argument is that music videos, not unlike other forms of advertising and popular culture, represent the pornographic imagination by offering a degraded and limited view of female sexuality based on narrowly defined adolescent heterosexual male fantasies. Locating the stories and images of music video in a wider contextRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Videos On The World Of Commercial Realism1904 Words   |  8 Pagesthey came up with the slogan â€Å"Come see the softer side of Sears†. Products for men however have a completely different strategy. Products for men are marketed as tough and have a clear purpose. Chevy’s advertising slogan â€Å"Like a rock† or Ford’s slogan â€Å"Build Ford tough† are perfect examples. Men’s products are also often sold in bulk . Yankee candle had a great strategy of marketing candles for men in fragrances such as â€Å"Bacon† and the ever fresh scent of â€Å"Lawn Mower†. While candles are often consideredRead MoreDestination Marketing6124 Words   |  25 PagesExecutive Summary The Gold Coast is indisputably Australias most popular holiday destination and offers many different types of beachfront accommodation, award-winning dining, shopping and thrilling attractions. This marketing report aimed to devise a marketing strategy for this location. It began by scanning the macro environment and found that the location is politically stable, although currently the entire world is being severely affected by the economic recession. This has therefore

Why The Black Table Still Exists Essay - 543 Words

In â€Å"The â€Å"Black Table† Is Still There† the author wonders why, after so many years there is a table with just only black kids. I think it is clear that we tend to separate ourselves. It is only natural that this still exists amongst society today. Even though we don’t realize it and it’s done unintentionally. There are a few factors why we segregate ourselves. One reason is that without recognizing it we stay with people from our own race and country. This is because we feel we share the same interest and have so much in common. This goes on every day without people knowing it. It happens in our schools and in our neighborhoods. There are some communities that are divided into same ethnicity. We feel that just because we†¦show more content†¦The kids on a sports team or some after school activities tend to stick together. There reason again is quite clear, they all are apart of something, they all share a common interest. Graham also realize that this was not only with just the black kids, but with everyone else too: â€Å"there were at least two tables of athletes, an Italian table, a Jewish girls’ table, a Jewish boys’ table (where I usually sat), a table of kids who wee into heavy metal music and smoking pot, a table of middle-class Irish kids† (367). Many people considered this as very bad thing, and I can see the effects of why it can be. One obvious reason is that we will most likely seclude ourselves to someone who is of different background. This has become apart of society for a long time now, as Graham states: â€Å"The black lunch table, like those other segregated tables, is a comment on the superficial inroads that integration has made in society† (368). Another reason is that most people can not adapt to something new or different very well or fast. If they are not use to something they find it hard to adjust to it they tend to fear it. In Graham stor y he relates to this by saying: â€Å"Maybe it’s the color difference that makes all-black table or all-black groups attract the scrutiny and wrath of so many people. It scares and angers people; it exasperates† (367). People feel out of place and awkward because they are not familiar with certain groups of people. So as youShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Poems : The Poetry Of Langston Hughes934 Words   |  4 Pagesunacceptance and inequality of African Americans. He eats in the kitchen instead of the table is showing segregation because of his darker skin. This shows that they are not accepting him being Black. He does not let it discourages him, so he grows strong by having faith. He knows that one day, America will accept his dark skin and equality will soon be in effect, which he implied by the line, â€Å"Tomorrow, / I’ll be at the table† (Hughes 8-9). The last few lines in the poem is one of my favorites, â€Å"they willRead MoreAn Investigation into the Effects of Race on the Perception of Guilt1478 Words   |  6 Pageslikely to find a black man guilty of a crime. Having found both a black man and a white man of middle attractiveness out of a choice of 10 photos picked from magazines, subjects were read a short account of a crime and rated the guilt of the offender on a scale of 0 to 10 (with 0 being not guilty). I used subjects aged between 11 and 18, all were Caucasian and attended Sevenoaks School. I used 75 subjects in total. They were shown either the picture of the black man, the pictureRead MoreEssay on Maud Martha1110 Words   |  5 PagesMaud Martha Gwendolyn Brooks was a black poet from Kansas who wrote in the early twentieth century. She was the first black woman to receive the Pulitzer Prize. Her writings deal mostly with the black experience growing up in inner Chicago. This is the case with one of her more famous works, Maud Martha. Maud Martha is a story that illustrates the many issues that a young black girl faces while growing up in a ‘white, male driven’ society. One aspect of Martha that is strongly emphasizedRead More`` I Too, Sing America And Countee Cullen s Incident1542 Words   |  7 Pagespopular in this time, especially among blacks. Consequently, this time period was also called the Jazz Age. Because jazz music was so popular, it influenced numerous writers because of its rhythms and the way it freed itself from traditional music. Although African Americans were making it into the mainstream, they were still treated poorly by whites. They had limited opportunities and were often treated li ke slaves, all because of the fact that they were black. For example, they were not allowed toRead MoreA Soldiers Play Essay1180 Words   |  5 Pageswill happen next and taught me some life lessons on how people react or make decisions. As I read on this play goes into the man Sergeant Vernon C. Waters personality and who he really was. We learn that Sergeant Waters hates being black and anyone who may exhibit black characteristics or stereotypes for example. For example in Act Two we learn that Sergeant Waters does not really like C.J. as he frames him and provokes him to attack so that he could be arrested for any reason. Sergeant Waters admitsRead MoreEssay about Slims Table: The Life Of A Working Class Black Person1082 Words   |  5 PagesSlims Table: The Life Of A Working Class Black Person Slims Table, written by Mitchell Duneier has been called a true stereotype buster due to its content in which it truthfully examines the lifestyles of working class black men. The book is designed to break the common misconceptions imbedded in a majority of peoples minds over how a black man lives his life and why he in a sense does what he does, thinks what he thinks, and acts the way he acts. Prior to the writing of this book by DuneierRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.1040 Words   |  5 Pageslong way? A 21-year-old white man, Dylann Roof, killed nine African-American people at the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, S.C. on Wednesday, June 17. They gathered for Bible study. The mass murder has acted as an anti-black racist with radical violent statements of African-Americans. Mr. Roof posted a few views of flying the white power flag on his Facebook page several days before the tragedy. And his friend said that signs had been showed up but nobody took it seriousRead MoreRacism Is An Umbrella Term And Indicates Separation1689 Words   |  7 Pagesrather what he or she is. We all as individuals ought to think about what racism is and above all we have to comprehend what it is because we simply cannot prevent what we don’t have any knowledge about. Many people are not aware of how much racism still exists in our schools, work places, restaurants, parks, almost everywhere. Jorge Garcia says that, one is a racist when one does not care at all or does not care enough about other races or does not care in light way about other races. Garcia is absolutelyRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail934 Words   |  4 Pagesexplaining why the clergymen s judgments were wrong. In his letter, king brings very reasonable and valid points that challenge the judgments of the ministers. The main arguments that king makes would be the reason of his existence in Birmingham, white power structure and its racial injustice, and finally why negotiation has brought up impatience and little to no solutions. The overall structure of King’s letter was well organized and the letter delivered valid explanations as to why the clergymenRead MoreModern Racism And The Middle Class Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pagesracism exist within today’s society in various ways, one which happen to be within the economy. For decades the economy has has its downfalls, however, it’s been facing a issue that it has been hiding from the rest of the nation. The gap that everyone has been speaking of is only becoming more of issue, however, what many do not know is that African American’s are the ones who are feeling it the most. Given their history and place in society racial inequality. Modern racism has kept many blacks from

Why Should Attendance Be Required in Cpllege Free Essays

Williams, De’Quesha Essay 2 November 22, 2010 Why Should Attendance Be Required in College? Thesis; Attendance in college should be required because attendance is important. First, the president should require attendance in college classes because, people do not come to class and the people are receiving financial aid. Second, the president should require attendance in college classes because; the people will not know who is on campus. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Should Attendance Be Required in Cpllege or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3. Finally, the president should require attendance in college classes because; the students will be asking about their grades and the people will not even know the students name. Conclusion: All the statements above are why attendance should be required in college classes. Williams 2 How would you feel if you went to class everyday and did not get your financial aid like you was suppose to? That is because; role is not being taken in the classrooms. People that do not come to class are receiving financial aid. That is not fair to the people that comes to class everyday. Attendance should be requires so, that people that come to class like they should gets everything that they need. Next, attendance is important. The people that are coming to class like they should has not received their financial because; the person over financial aid says that they have been missing class. The people have been coming to class to receive their financial aid. That mistake happened because; the people are not taking role. So mistakes will not happen like this again the president should require attendance in college classes. Furthermore, the president should require attendance because; the people will not know who is on campus. It could be a murder on campus. It could be anyone that is not suppose to be on campus. Taking attendance will let everyone know who is suppose to be on campus. Then, which classes the students are suppose to be in. Moreover, the students will be asking about their grades. Then, the people would not know what to tell the students because; the people do not know the students name. Even if the students told the people their names they still will have to go by the role. To avoid problems the president should require attendance in college classes. If attendance is required the people will know which students are asking about their grades. Overall, the president should require attendance in college classes because; it is important to have attendance. The president will not know who is on campus if the president is not requiring attendance. Attendance should be required in college classes because; there are a lot of activities that happens on campus. How to cite Why Should Attendance Be Required in Cpllege, Papers

Financial and Management accounting - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Financial and Management accounting. Answer: Activity based costing Activity-based costing is the methodology for allocating the overheads more precisely over those items actually used by the process. This method can be used for achieving target deduction in the overhead expenses (Bhimani 2012). It works best in the complex circumstance where many products and machines are there, processes are tangled and not easy for sorting out. On the contrary, it is not of much importance where the process of production is simple. ABC identifies the special training, machine set up, special engineering and other activities that generate costs and lead the company to the consumer resources. As per ABC the company computes the resource cost used under the activities (Bunn and Sapio 2015). Thereafter, cost of each activity is assigned only over the products that require the activities. ABC has become important in past few years as the manufacturing costs increased significantly, diversity with regard to the demands of the customer as well as the product has been inc reased significantly, the costs of manufacturing overheads do not correlate with the direct labour hours and productive machine hours anymore and few products are produced under large batches while other products are produced under small batches. Various advantages are there with regard to usages of ABC. These are Make or buy it provides the comprehensive view regarding each cost that is associated with in-house manufacturing of any product so that the company can precisely analyse which cost shall be eliminated if the product is outsourced and which cost can be carried on. Minimum price pricing is done for the product in such way that the market will be ready to pay and the marketing manager shall know the product cost before deciding the price of the product. It will assist the company to avoid the situation where the company will lose money due to high pricing of product. ABC helps to determine which cost is to be included under this minimum product price based on the circumstances under which the product is to be sold (Guerrero-Baena, Gmez-Limn and Fruet Cardozo 2013). Cost for production facility it becomes easy to differentiate the overhead cost at the level of production plant which in turn enables the manager to compare the production cost among various facilities (Linassi, Alberton and Marinho 2016). Customers profitability mostly the costs incurred by individual customers are product cost that includes the overhead expenses and other costs like handling of product return, high level of customer service and agreements for cooperative marketing. ABC method can sort through the additional overhead costs and may assist in determining which customer is earning the reasonable profit (Drury 2013). However, some issues must be taken into consideration before implementing the ABC system. These are Volume for cost pool though the ABC system produces information of high quality, it comes with the cost of various cost pools and cost of managing system increases with additional cost pools. For reducing these costs, ongoing analysis of cost shall be carried out with comparing the utility of each cost pool. Time for installation the ABC system is quite difficult to install as it may require multi-year installations where the company try to install this across all the facilities and products. Further, it is difficult to manage the high level budgetary support as time wasted without the completion of installations (Fathi and Elham 2015). Project basis generally the ABC projects are allowed on basis of the project so that the information is collected only once. Further, the information can be useful for the current operational situation of the company. Therefore, management may not authorize the funding for future ABC project. Separate data set the ABC system can rarely be constructed for pulling all the information it requires from general ledger directly. Rather, it needs the separate database that can pull the information from various sources and only one may be existed in the general ledger accounts. Therefore it becomes difficult to manage the extra database as it requires considerably additional staff time for which adequate budget may not be there (Langfield-Smith et al. 2015). Therefore, before implementing the ABC system all the above factors shall be taken into account. Computation of the per unit cost for listed activities based on activity drivers Activity Total activity cost Activity driver Quantity of activity driver Cost per unit of activity Prepare annual accounts $ 5,000.00 None available Process receivables $ 15,000.00 No. of invoices 5000 $ 3.00 Process payables $ 25,000.00 No. of purchase orders 2500 $ 10.00 Program production $ 28,000.00 No. of production schedules 1000 $ 28.00 Process sales order $ 40,000.00 No. of sales orders 4000 $ 10.00 Dispatch sales order $ 30,000.00 No. of dispatches 2500 $ 12.00 Develop and test products $ 60,000.00 Assigned directly to product Load mixers $ 14,050.00 No. of batches 1000 $ 14.05 Operate mixers $ 45,900.00 No. of kilograms 200000 $ 0.23 Clean mixers $ 6,900.00 No. of trays 1000 $ 6.90 Move mixers to filling $ 3,450.00 No. of cakes / Pastries 200000 $ 0.02 Clean trays $ 20,000.00 No. of trays 16000 $ 1.25 Fill trays $ 16,000.00 No. of cakes / Pastries 800000 $ 0.02 Move to baking $ 8,000.00 No. of trays 16000 $ 0.50 Set up ovens $ 50,000.00 No. of batches 1000 $ 50.00 Bake cakes / Pastries $ 130,000.00 No. of batches 1000 $ 130.00 Move to packing $ 40,000.00 No. of trays 16000 $ 2.50 Pack cakes / pastries $ 80,000.00 No. of cakes / Pastries 800000 $ 0.10 Inspect pastries $ 2,500.00 No. of pastries 50000 $ 0.05 Determining the per unit cost for Lamington and preparation of activity bill Activity Cost per unit of activity Annual quantity Total cost per activity Process receivables $ 3.00 500 $ 1,500.00 Process payables $ 10.00 200 $ 2,000.00 Program production $ 28.00 100 $ 2,800.00 Process sales order $ 10.00 400 $ 4,000.00 Load mixers $ 14.05 100 $ 1,405.00 Operate mixers $ 0.23 30000 $ 6,885.00 Clean mixers $ 6.90 100 $ 690.00 Move mixers to filling $ 0.02 30000 $ 517.50 Clean trays $ 1.25 2000 $ 2,500.00 Fill trays $ 0.02 100000 $ 2,000.00 Move to baking $ 0.50 2000 $ 1,000.00 Set up ovens $ 50.00 100 $ 5,000.00 Bake cakes / Pastries $ 130.00 100 $ 13,000.00 Move to packing $ 2.50 2000 $ 5,000.00 Pack cakes / pastries $ 0.10 100000 $ 10,000.00 Dispatch sales order $ 12.00 500 $ 6,000.00 Develop and test product $ 600.00 Total $ 64,897.50 Other costs Other costs that can be added to compute the cost of product for Lamington may include labour cost, product inspection cost, operational cost, material cost associated with the product. Budgeting Utilization of budgets for business decision evaluation Once the business becomes operational it is important to manage the financial performance of the company efficiently. Generating the process of budgeting is the most efficient way for keeping the business and finance on the track. Structured planning can create the actual difference with regard to the business growth and it enables the managers to concentrate on the resources for improving the profits, minimising the costs and enhancing the return on the investment (Lidia 2014). Key benefits for the business planning are that it enables the manager for creating the focus on the business direction and delivers the target that may help the business to grow. It also gives the opportunity for standing back and analyse the performance and the factors that are affecting he business. Planning the budget gives greater ability or making continuous improvements and solving the problems. It also gives the appropriate financial information that can provide the base for decisions which in turn cr eate greater confidence in the process of decision making (Silva and Jayamaha 2012). Further, various benefits of the business budget are as follows Helps in allocating the resources over the appropriate projects Helps in planning for the future Monitoring the performance Meeting the objectives Improving the decision making Increasing the motivation of the staffs Impact of the sales revenue Fee structure and new plan for membership Receipts of cash plays important role for measuring the cash sales or credit sales and analysing the cash flows. 2 major factors identified in HLW that have an impact on the cash receipts are the annual membership fees and court fees that are charged on hourly basis. Annual membership fees are the fixed fees and collected annually. Thus, the annual membership fees are constant and fixed receipt, on the contrary, the court fees charged on hourly basis ranges from $ 8 to $ 12 and vary on the basis of duration spent in the club, time of the day, season of the year, number of the customers and prime or non-prime time. Thus, it is not possible to accurately predict the receipt from court fees that are charged on hourly basis (Damanpour and Aravind 2012). Implementation of the new membership plan will enable the company to plan the cash in better manner as it will improve the cash flow management and draft the future plan for minimising the situation of shortages of cash. It will increase the probability of enhancing the profit with minimization of future as well as current debts. However, implementation of the new fees structure will not affect the overall profit. Implementation of the new plan the cash receipt plan of the company can be improved as the court fees charged on hourly basis are taken out and thereby the annual membership fees are only left for the purpose of charging. Therefore, the impacted on the receipt will be greatly reduced and as the membership fees charged on annual basis are fixed and constant, the receipts can be predicted (Weygandt, Kimmel and Kieso 2015). Further, the probability of cash loss generated from the court fees charged on hourly basis will be reduced after implementation of new membership plan. Thus, new plan implementation will improve the efficiency and enhance the HLWs ability for management of their cash and planning for the future decision. Impact of the sales revenue Receipts from the membership fees Particulars Amount Individual $ 22,500.00 Student $ 15,000.00 Family $ 100,000.00 Total $ 137,500.00 Receipts from court fees Particulars Amount Prime time $ 86,400.00 Non-prime time $ 56,000.00 Off season $ 21,600.00 Total $ 164,000.00 Total receipt from the 2 sources will be = ($ 137,500 + $ 164, 000) = $ 301,500. Computation of receipts after new plan implementation Receipts from membership fees will be New members = (2000 / 70%) = 1400 members Under in case of campaign Particulars Amount Family $ 141,750.00 Individual $ 78,750.00 Total $ 220,500.00 Receipts under no campaign Particulars Amount Family $ 192,500.00 Individual $ 115,500.00 Total $ 308,000.00 Total receipts under new implementation plan Particulars Amount Under campaign $ 220,500.00 Under no-campaign $ 308,000.00 Total receipts $ 528,500.00 It can be identified from the above calculation that the plan for fees collection or new membership plan will have effective and positive impact on processing and it will enhance the generation of revenue as the incremental revenue will be ($ 528,500 - $ 301,500) = $ 227,000. Effect of sales revenue from the planned change in fee structure: Analysis of the new fee structure and membership plan for rejecting it or adopting it For analysis, the following key factors were identified by HLW For analysing the membership plan entirely, HLW made various analyses on financial aspect like the company calculated the liquid ratios for analysing the liquidity status. Further, they also prepared the cash flow statement for controlling the available liquid funds. Moreover, they tried to maintain sufficient balance between the amount of cash inflows and outflows. For the purpose of achieving the target they also prepared the flexible budget and the statement for estimation of cash flows (McVay 2015). The HLW management recognized that the minimization of the administration cost after new membership plan implementation as the club will no more be required to prepare the revenue collection data on regular basis (Burns and Walker 2015). However, initially the plan may get adverse opinion from the management as they will face problem in collecting the membership fees. Moreover, the onetime fees may seem to be a burden for the members which in turn may reduce the number of members cons iderably. Further, as per the new membership plan the members required to pay the payment for entire year as the advance payment (Estampe et al. 2013). Therefore, as per the new policy onetime cash budgets is required to be prepared as the payment will be made once in the year. However, to execute the plan successfully effective cash management is required to be in place that includes controlling and managing the cash efficiently. It has been concluded from the above analysis that Activity based costing can be used for achieving target deduction in the overhead expenses. It works best in the complex circumstance where many products and machines are there, processes are tangled and not easy for sorting out. ABC identifies the special training, machine set up, special engineering and other activities that generate costs and lead the company to the consumer resources. However, it is not of much importance where the process of production is simple. On the other hand, planning the budget gives greater ability or making continuous improvements and solving the problems. It also gives the appropriate financial information that can provide the base for decisions which in turn create greater confidence in the process of decision making. Reference Bhimani, A. 2012,Introduction to management accounting,Financial Times Prentice Hall, Harlow. Bunn, D., Koc, V. and Sapio, A. 2015, "Resource externalities and the persistence of heterogeneous pricing behavior in an energy commodity market",Energy Economics,vol. 48, pp. 265-275. Burns, R. and Walker, J., 2015. Capital budgeting surveys: the future is now. Damanpour, F. and Aravind, D., 2012. 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