Why The Black Table Still Exists Essay - 543 Words

In â€Å"The â€Å"Black Table† Is Still There† the author wonders why, after so many years there is a table with just only black kids. I think it is clear that we tend to separate ourselves. It is only natural that this still exists amongst society today. Even though we don’t realize it and it’s done unintentionally. There are a few factors why we segregate ourselves. One reason is that without recognizing it we stay with people from our own race and country. This is because we feel we share the same interest and have so much in common. This goes on every day without people knowing it. It happens in our schools and in our neighborhoods. There are some communities that are divided into same ethnicity. We feel that just because we†¦show more content†¦The kids on a sports team or some after school activities tend to stick together. There reason again is quite clear, they all are apart of something, they all share a common interest. Graham also realize that this was not only with just the black kids, but with everyone else too: â€Å"there were at least two tables of athletes, an Italian table, a Jewish girls’ table, a Jewish boys’ table (where I usually sat), a table of kids who wee into heavy metal music and smoking pot, a table of middle-class Irish kids† (367). Many people considered this as very bad thing, and I can see the effects of why it can be. One obvious reason is that we will most likely seclude ourselves to someone who is of different background. This has become apart of society for a long time now, as Graham states: â€Å"The black lunch table, like those other segregated tables, is a comment on the superficial inroads that integration has made in society† (368). Another reason is that most people can not adapt to something new or different very well or fast. If they are not use to something they find it hard to adjust to it they tend to fear it. In Graham stor y he relates to this by saying: â€Å"Maybe it’s the color difference that makes all-black table or all-black groups attract the scrutiny and wrath of so many people. It scares and angers people; it exasperates† (367). People feel out of place and awkward because they are not familiar with certain groups of people. So as youShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Poems : The Poetry Of Langston Hughes934 Words   |  4 Pagesunacceptance and inequality of African Americans. He eats in the kitchen instead of the table is showing segregation because of his darker skin. This shows that they are not accepting him being Black. He does not let it discourages him, so he grows strong by having faith. He knows that one day, America will accept his dark skin and equality will soon be in effect, which he implied by the line, â€Å"Tomorrow, / I’ll be at the table† (Hughes 8-9). The last few lines in the poem is one of my favorites, â€Å"they willRead MoreAn Investigation into the Effects of Race on the Perception of Guilt1478 Words   |  6 Pageslikely to find a black man guilty of a crime. Having found both a black man and a white man of middle attractiveness out of a choice of 10 photos picked from magazines, subjects were read a short account of a crime and rated the guilt of the offender on a scale of 0 to 10 (with 0 being not guilty). I used subjects aged between 11 and 18, all were Caucasian and attended Sevenoaks School. I used 75 subjects in total. They were shown either the picture of the black man, the pictureRead MoreEssay on Maud Martha1110 Words   |  5 PagesMaud Martha Gwendolyn Brooks was a black poet from Kansas who wrote in the early twentieth century. She was the first black woman to receive the Pulitzer Prize. Her writings deal mostly with the black experience growing up in inner Chicago. This is the case with one of her more famous works, Maud Martha. Maud Martha is a story that illustrates the many issues that a young black girl faces while growing up in a ‘white, male driven’ society. One aspect of Martha that is strongly emphasizedRead More`` I Too, Sing America And Countee Cullen s Incident1542 Words   |  7 Pagespopular in this time, especially among blacks. Consequently, this time period was also called the Jazz Age. Because jazz music was so popular, it influenced numerous writers because of its rhythms and the way it freed itself from traditional music. Although African Americans were making it into the mainstream, they were still treated poorly by whites. They had limited opportunities and were often treated li ke slaves, all because of the fact that they were black. For example, they were not allowed toRead MoreA Soldiers Play Essay1180 Words   |  5 Pageswill happen next and taught me some life lessons on how people react or make decisions. As I read on this play goes into the man Sergeant Vernon C. Waters personality and who he really was. We learn that Sergeant Waters hates being black and anyone who may exhibit black characteristics or stereotypes for example. For example in Act Two we learn that Sergeant Waters does not really like C.J. as he frames him and provokes him to attack so that he could be arrested for any reason. Sergeant Waters admitsRead MoreEssay about Slims Table: The Life Of A Working Class Black Person1082 Words   |  5 PagesSlims Table: The Life Of A Working Class Black Person Slims Table, written by Mitchell Duneier has been called a true stereotype buster due to its content in which it truthfully examines the lifestyles of working class black men. The book is designed to break the common misconceptions imbedded in a majority of peoples minds over how a black man lives his life and why he in a sense does what he does, thinks what he thinks, and acts the way he acts. Prior to the writing of this book by DuneierRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.1040 Words   |  5 Pageslong way? A 21-year-old white man, Dylann Roof, killed nine African-American people at the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, S.C. on Wednesday, June 17. They gathered for Bible study. The mass murder has acted as an anti-black racist with radical violent statements of African-Americans. Mr. Roof posted a few views of flying the white power flag on his Facebook page several days before the tragedy. And his friend said that signs had been showed up but nobody took it seriousRead MoreRacism Is An Umbrella Term And Indicates Separation1689 Words   |  7 Pagesrather what he or she is. We all as individuals ought to think about what racism is and above all we have to comprehend what it is because we simply cannot prevent what we don’t have any knowledge about. Many people are not aware of how much racism still exists in our schools, work places, restaurants, parks, almost everywhere. Jorge Garcia says that, one is a racist when one does not care at all or does not care enough about other races or does not care in light way about other races. Garcia is absolutelyRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail934 Words   |  4 Pagesexplaining why the clergymen s judgments were wrong. In his letter, king brings very reasonable and valid points that challenge the judgments of the ministers. The main arguments that king makes would be the reason of his existence in Birmingham, white power structure and its racial injustice, and finally why negotiation has brought up impatience and little to no solutions. The overall structure of King’s letter was well organized and the letter delivered valid explanations as to why the clergymenRead MoreModern Racism And The Middle Class Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pagesracism exist within today’s society in various ways, one which happen to be within the economy. For decades the economy has has its downfalls, however, it’s been facing a issue that it has been hiding from the rest of the nation. The gap that everyone has been speaking of is only becoming more of issue, however, what many do not know is that African American’s are the ones who are feeling it the most. Given their history and place in society racial inequality. Modern racism has kept many blacks from

Why Should Attendance Be Required in Cpllege Free Essays

Williams, De’Quesha Essay 2 November 22, 2010 Why Should Attendance Be Required in College? Thesis; Attendance in college should be required because attendance is important. First, the president should require attendance in college classes because, people do not come to class and the people are receiving financial aid. Second, the president should require attendance in college classes because; the people will not know who is on campus. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Should Attendance Be Required in Cpllege or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3. Finally, the president should require attendance in college classes because; the students will be asking about their grades and the people will not even know the students name. Conclusion: All the statements above are why attendance should be required in college classes. Williams 2 How would you feel if you went to class everyday and did not get your financial aid like you was suppose to? That is because; role is not being taken in the classrooms. People that do not come to class are receiving financial aid. That is not fair to the people that comes to class everyday. Attendance should be requires so, that people that come to class like they should gets everything that they need. Next, attendance is important. The people that are coming to class like they should has not received their financial because; the person over financial aid says that they have been missing class. The people have been coming to class to receive their financial aid. That mistake happened because; the people are not taking role. So mistakes will not happen like this again the president should require attendance in college classes. Furthermore, the president should require attendance because; the people will not know who is on campus. It could be a murder on campus. It could be anyone that is not suppose to be on campus. Taking attendance will let everyone know who is suppose to be on campus. Then, which classes the students are suppose to be in. Moreover, the students will be asking about their grades. Then, the people would not know what to tell the students because; the people do not know the students name. Even if the students told the people their names they still will have to go by the role. To avoid problems the president should require attendance in college classes. If attendance is required the people will know which students are asking about their grades. Overall, the president should require attendance in college classes because; it is important to have attendance. The president will not know who is on campus if the president is not requiring attendance. Attendance should be required in college classes because; there are a lot of activities that happens on campus. How to cite Why Should Attendance Be Required in Cpllege, Papers

Financial and Management accounting - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Financial and Management accounting. Answer: Activity based costing Activity-based costing is the methodology for allocating the overheads more precisely over those items actually used by the process. This method can be used for achieving target deduction in the overhead expenses (Bhimani 2012). It works best in the complex circumstance where many products and machines are there, processes are tangled and not easy for sorting out. On the contrary, it is not of much importance where the process of production is simple. ABC identifies the special training, machine set up, special engineering and other activities that generate costs and lead the company to the consumer resources. As per ABC the company computes the resource cost used under the activities (Bunn and Sapio 2015). Thereafter, cost of each activity is assigned only over the products that require the activities. ABC has become important in past few years as the manufacturing costs increased significantly, diversity with regard to the demands of the customer as well as the product has been inc reased significantly, the costs of manufacturing overheads do not correlate with the direct labour hours and productive machine hours anymore and few products are produced under large batches while other products are produced under small batches. Various advantages are there with regard to usages of ABC. These are Make or buy it provides the comprehensive view regarding each cost that is associated with in-house manufacturing of any product so that the company can precisely analyse which cost shall be eliminated if the product is outsourced and which cost can be carried on. Minimum price pricing is done for the product in such way that the market will be ready to pay and the marketing manager shall know the product cost before deciding the price of the product. It will assist the company to avoid the situation where the company will lose money due to high pricing of product. ABC helps to determine which cost is to be included under this minimum product price based on the circumstances under which the product is to be sold (Guerrero-Baena, Gmez-Limn and Fruet Cardozo 2013). Cost for production facility it becomes easy to differentiate the overhead cost at the level of production plant which in turn enables the manager to compare the production cost among various facilities (Linassi, Alberton and Marinho 2016). Customers profitability mostly the costs incurred by individual customers are product cost that includes the overhead expenses and other costs like handling of product return, high level of customer service and agreements for cooperative marketing. ABC method can sort through the additional overhead costs and may assist in determining which customer is earning the reasonable profit (Drury 2013). However, some issues must be taken into consideration before implementing the ABC system. These are Volume for cost pool though the ABC system produces information of high quality, it comes with the cost of various cost pools and cost of managing system increases with additional cost pools. For reducing these costs, ongoing analysis of cost shall be carried out with comparing the utility of each cost pool. Time for installation the ABC system is quite difficult to install as it may require multi-year installations where the company try to install this across all the facilities and products. Further, it is difficult to manage the high level budgetary support as time wasted without the completion of installations (Fathi and Elham 2015). Project basis generally the ABC projects are allowed on basis of the project so that the information is collected only once. Further, the information can be useful for the current operational situation of the company. Therefore, management may not authorize the funding for future ABC project. Separate data set the ABC system can rarely be constructed for pulling all the information it requires from general ledger directly. Rather, it needs the separate database that can pull the information from various sources and only one may be existed in the general ledger accounts. Therefore it becomes difficult to manage the extra database as it requires considerably additional staff time for which adequate budget may not be there (Langfield-Smith et al. 2015). Therefore, before implementing the ABC system all the above factors shall be taken into account. Computation of the per unit cost for listed activities based on activity drivers Activity Total activity cost Activity driver Quantity of activity driver Cost per unit of activity Prepare annual accounts $ 5,000.00 None available Process receivables $ 15,000.00 No. of invoices 5000 $ 3.00 Process payables $ 25,000.00 No. of purchase orders 2500 $ 10.00 Program production $ 28,000.00 No. of production schedules 1000 $ 28.00 Process sales order $ 40,000.00 No. of sales orders 4000 $ 10.00 Dispatch sales order $ 30,000.00 No. of dispatches 2500 $ 12.00 Develop and test products $ 60,000.00 Assigned directly to product Load mixers $ 14,050.00 No. of batches 1000 $ 14.05 Operate mixers $ 45,900.00 No. of kilograms 200000 $ 0.23 Clean mixers $ 6,900.00 No. of trays 1000 $ 6.90 Move mixers to filling $ 3,450.00 No. of cakes / Pastries 200000 $ 0.02 Clean trays $ 20,000.00 No. of trays 16000 $ 1.25 Fill trays $ 16,000.00 No. of cakes / Pastries 800000 $ 0.02 Move to baking $ 8,000.00 No. of trays 16000 $ 0.50 Set up ovens $ 50,000.00 No. of batches 1000 $ 50.00 Bake cakes / Pastries $ 130,000.00 No. of batches 1000 $ 130.00 Move to packing $ 40,000.00 No. of trays 16000 $ 2.50 Pack cakes / pastries $ 80,000.00 No. of cakes / Pastries 800000 $ 0.10 Inspect pastries $ 2,500.00 No. of pastries 50000 $ 0.05 Determining the per unit cost for Lamington and preparation of activity bill Activity Cost per unit of activity Annual quantity Total cost per activity Process receivables $ 3.00 500 $ 1,500.00 Process payables $ 10.00 200 $ 2,000.00 Program production $ 28.00 100 $ 2,800.00 Process sales order $ 10.00 400 $ 4,000.00 Load mixers $ 14.05 100 $ 1,405.00 Operate mixers $ 0.23 30000 $ 6,885.00 Clean mixers $ 6.90 100 $ 690.00 Move mixers to filling $ 0.02 30000 $ 517.50 Clean trays $ 1.25 2000 $ 2,500.00 Fill trays $ 0.02 100000 $ 2,000.00 Move to baking $ 0.50 2000 $ 1,000.00 Set up ovens $ 50.00 100 $ 5,000.00 Bake cakes / Pastries $ 130.00 100 $ 13,000.00 Move to packing $ 2.50 2000 $ 5,000.00 Pack cakes / pastries $ 0.10 100000 $ 10,000.00 Dispatch sales order $ 12.00 500 $ 6,000.00 Develop and test product $ 600.00 Total $ 64,897.50 Other costs Other costs that can be added to compute the cost of product for Lamington may include labour cost, product inspection cost, operational cost, material cost associated with the product. Budgeting Utilization of budgets for business decision evaluation Once the business becomes operational it is important to manage the financial performance of the company efficiently. Generating the process of budgeting is the most efficient way for keeping the business and finance on the track. Structured planning can create the actual difference with regard to the business growth and it enables the managers to concentrate on the resources for improving the profits, minimising the costs and enhancing the return on the investment (Lidia 2014). Key benefits for the business planning are that it enables the manager for creating the focus on the business direction and delivers the target that may help the business to grow. It also gives the opportunity for standing back and analyse the performance and the factors that are affecting he business. Planning the budget gives greater ability or making continuous improvements and solving the problems. It also gives the appropriate financial information that can provide the base for decisions which in turn cr eate greater confidence in the process of decision making (Silva and Jayamaha 2012). Further, various benefits of the business budget are as follows Helps in allocating the resources over the appropriate projects Helps in planning for the future Monitoring the performance Meeting the objectives Improving the decision making Increasing the motivation of the staffs Impact of the sales revenue Fee structure and new plan for membership Receipts of cash plays important role for measuring the cash sales or credit sales and analysing the cash flows. 2 major factors identified in HLW that have an impact on the cash receipts are the annual membership fees and court fees that are charged on hourly basis. Annual membership fees are the fixed fees and collected annually. Thus, the annual membership fees are constant and fixed receipt, on the contrary, the court fees charged on hourly basis ranges from $ 8 to $ 12 and vary on the basis of duration spent in the club, time of the day, season of the year, number of the customers and prime or non-prime time. Thus, it is not possible to accurately predict the receipt from court fees that are charged on hourly basis (Damanpour and Aravind 2012). Implementation of the new membership plan will enable the company to plan the cash in better manner as it will improve the cash flow management and draft the future plan for minimising the situation of shortages of cash. It will increase the probability of enhancing the profit with minimization of future as well as current debts. However, implementation of the new fees structure will not affect the overall profit. Implementation of the new plan the cash receipt plan of the company can be improved as the court fees charged on hourly basis are taken out and thereby the annual membership fees are only left for the purpose of charging. Therefore, the impacted on the receipt will be greatly reduced and as the membership fees charged on annual basis are fixed and constant, the receipts can be predicted (Weygandt, Kimmel and Kieso 2015). Further, the probability of cash loss generated from the court fees charged on hourly basis will be reduced after implementation of new membership plan. Thus, new plan implementation will improve the efficiency and enhance the HLWs ability for management of their cash and planning for the future decision. Impact of the sales revenue Receipts from the membership fees Particulars Amount Individual $ 22,500.00 Student $ 15,000.00 Family $ 100,000.00 Total $ 137,500.00 Receipts from court fees Particulars Amount Prime time $ 86,400.00 Non-prime time $ 56,000.00 Off season $ 21,600.00 Total $ 164,000.00 Total receipt from the 2 sources will be = ($ 137,500 + $ 164, 000) = $ 301,500. Computation of receipts after new plan implementation Receipts from membership fees will be New members = (2000 / 70%) = 1400 members Under in case of campaign Particulars Amount Family $ 141,750.00 Individual $ 78,750.00 Total $ 220,500.00 Receipts under no campaign Particulars Amount Family $ 192,500.00 Individual $ 115,500.00 Total $ 308,000.00 Total receipts under new implementation plan Particulars Amount Under campaign $ 220,500.00 Under no-campaign $ 308,000.00 Total receipts $ 528,500.00 It can be identified from the above calculation that the plan for fees collection or new membership plan will have effective and positive impact on processing and it will enhance the generation of revenue as the incremental revenue will be ($ 528,500 - $ 301,500) = $ 227,000. Effect of sales revenue from the planned change in fee structure: Analysis of the new fee structure and membership plan for rejecting it or adopting it For analysis, the following key factors were identified by HLW For analysing the membership plan entirely, HLW made various analyses on financial aspect like the company calculated the liquid ratios for analysing the liquidity status. Further, they also prepared the cash flow statement for controlling the available liquid funds. Moreover, they tried to maintain sufficient balance between the amount of cash inflows and outflows. For the purpose of achieving the target they also prepared the flexible budget and the statement for estimation of cash flows (McVay 2015). The HLW management recognized that the minimization of the administration cost after new membership plan implementation as the club will no more be required to prepare the revenue collection data on regular basis (Burns and Walker 2015). However, initially the plan may get adverse opinion from the management as they will face problem in collecting the membership fees. Moreover, the onetime fees may seem to be a burden for the members which in turn may reduce the number of members cons iderably. Further, as per the new membership plan the members required to pay the payment for entire year as the advance payment (Estampe et al. 2013). Therefore, as per the new policy onetime cash budgets is required to be prepared as the payment will be made once in the year. However, to execute the plan successfully effective cash management is required to be in place that includes controlling and managing the cash efficiently. It has been concluded from the above analysis that Activity based costing can be used for achieving target deduction in the overhead expenses. It works best in the complex circumstance where many products and machines are there, processes are tangled and not easy for sorting out. ABC identifies the special training, machine set up, special engineering and other activities that generate costs and lead the company to the consumer resources. However, it is not of much importance where the process of production is simple. On the other hand, planning the budget gives greater ability or making continuous improvements and solving the problems. It also gives the appropriate financial information that can provide the base for decisions which in turn create greater confidence in the process of decision making. Reference Bhimani, A. 2012,Introduction to management accounting,Financial Times Prentice Hall, Harlow. Bunn, D., Koc, V. and Sapio, A. 2015, "Resource externalities and the persistence of heterogeneous pricing behavior in an energy commodity market",Energy Economics,vol. 48, pp. 265-275. Burns, R. and Walker, J., 2015. Capital budgeting surveys: the future is now. Damanpour, F. and Aravind, D., 2012. Managerial innovation: Conceptions, processes, and antecedents.Management and Organization Review,8(2), pp.423-454. Drury, C.M., 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springer. Estampe, D., Lamouri, S., Paris, J.L. and Brahim-Djelloul, S., 2013. A framework for analysing supply chain performance evaluation models.International Journal of Production Economics,142(2), pp.247-258. Fathi, Z. and Elham, M.D., 2015, A survey of activity-based costing in hotel industry, Management Science Letters,vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 855-860. Guerrero-Baena, M.D., Gmez-Limn, J.A. and Fruet Cardozo, J.V. 2013, "The capital budgeting process: A methodological approach based on financial and intellectual value creation",Intangible Capital,vol. 9, no. 4. Langfield-Smith, K., Thorne, H., Smith, D.A. and Hilton, R.W. 2015,Management accounting: information for creating and managing value,7e [] edn, McGraw-Hill Education, North Ryde, N.S.W. Lidia, T.G. 2014, Difficulties of the Budgeting Process and Factors Leading to the Decision to Implement this Management Tool,Procedia Economics and Finance,vol. 15, pp. 466-473. Linassi, R., Alberton, A. and Marinho, S.V. 2016, "Menu engineering and activity-based costing: An improved method of menu planning",International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 1417-1440. McVay, G.J. 2015, "The effects of compensation scheme, source credibility, and receiver involvement on the organizational budgeting process",Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal,vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 217. Silva, L.M.D. and Jayamaha, A., 2012. Budgetary process and organizational performance of apparel industry in Sri Lanka.Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences,3(4), p.354. Weygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D. and Kieso, D.E., 2015.Financial Managerial Accounting. John Wiley Sons.

This Sonnet Demonstrates Shakespeares Great Ability Of Playing With Wo

This sonnet demonstrates Shakespeare's great ability of playing with words. According to him a person is tongue-tied when he has either too much or too little to say. He illustrates his idea by giving an example of an unperfect actor who forgets his lines on stage and more curiously, some fierce thing whose heart is weakened by the weight of his own strength. This use of paradox adds intensity to the sonnet and lays the foundation for the following quatrain. The first quatrain is like the silence before a storm; the way it is presented suggests that there is more to come. The actor and the beast are summoned to serve only as analogues to Shakespeare's double-edged analytical presentation in quatrain 2 of love's agonized lack of words: So I, for fear of trust, forget to say The perfect ceremony of love's rite, And in mine own love's strength seem to decay, O'ercharged with burden of mine own love's might. The persona here compares him to the characters beckoned in Q1. In a passage such as this, the distance between the composing author and the fictive speaker almost vanishes, as it is very easy to imagine that Shakespeare, a master of expression, would tell himself that a perfect ceremony of love could be invented. Another aspect worthy of note is the way the phrase mine own love's has been used repeatedly; in line 7 the persona speaks of the decay of his love and in the very next line he speaks of its strength. This double stranglehold is an extremely interesting case, and is beautifully expressed here. The first and second quatrains can be coupled together as they basically portray the same idea. The sonnet therefore can be divided into two parts instead of four. An octet followed by a sestet. While the octet speaks of the persona's tongue-tiedness, the sestet is a plea to his beloved to understand the depth of his love. 'O, let my books be then the eloquence / And dumb presagers of my speaking breast...' the persona here wishes that his writing be the silent and truthful foreteller of all the love in his heart. Q3, in hinting at the beloved's preference for a rival poet, tongue that more hath more expressed, ascribes the tongue-tiedness of the speaker to his new perception of the debased judgment exercised by the beloved. At first, for fear of trust (line 5) might seem to mean, fearing my own powers, but when the unnamed rival enters the scene (line 12), we see the tongue-tiedness rather as a fear of trusting the potentially faithless beloved. Furthermore, the verbal parallelism o f the octet is replaced by an irregular line-motion as the persona's agitation achieves full force. The sestet ends with the frustrating speechlessness of the lover finding a way of talking, by deviating into the third person in the final line: To hear with eyes belongs to loves fine wit. It is a proverb coined by the persona and it somewhat negates his inadequacy. It has a sense of pride and provides a perfect end to the poem.

Using Toefl Essay Samples PDF

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Verb Agreement

7 Classes of Noun/Verb Agreement 7 Classes of Noun/Verb Agreement 7 Classes of Noun/Verb Agreement By Mark Nichol Below youll find seven classes of noun/verb agreement you need to understand. 1. Indefinite Pronouns Most indefinite pronouns correspond to singular verbs: â€Å"Someone has left her plate on the table.† â€Å"Everybody is entitled to his or her opinion.† â€Å"Each boy is responsible for his actions.† To confirm, test for the proper verb form by writing a simple sentence in which is follows the pertinent pronoun: â€Å"Someone is missing† (not â€Å"Someone are missing†). The proper verb form for some indefinite pronouns depends on the reference: â€Å"All of the soup is gone. (Soup is a single entity.) â€Å"Some of the comments are favorable. (The comments are counted as separate entities.) The indefinite pronoun none can be singular or plural depending on the context: â€Å"None of the jewels are missing.† (None of the components of the whole entity in question are missing.) â€Å"None of the jewelry is missing.† (Not one part of the whole entity is missing.) 2. Conjunctive Phrases The simple conjunction and cannot necessarily be replaced by such phrases as â€Å"along with,† â€Å"as well as,† and â€Å"together with†: â€Å"The doe along with its fawns is resting in the meadow.† (This sentence is correct, however, if â€Å"along with its fawns† is inserted into the sentence â€Å"The doe is resting in the meadow,† which requires bracketing commas. The same is true of the other phrases.) 3. â€Å"Either/Or† and â€Å"Neither/Nor† Neither and either refer to two compared or associated objects as individual entities and are therefore usually employed with singular verbs: â€Å"Neither she nor I are ready for that.† â€Å"Either option will work for me.† Informally, however, an exception is made in such constructions as â€Å"Are either of you ready?† In â€Å"either/or† and â€Å"neither/nor† constructions with a mixture of singular and plural nouns, the verb form is determined by whether the closest noun is singular or plural: â€Å"Either the captain or one of the lieutenants are leading the patrol.† â€Å"Neither the students nor the teacher remembers hearing anything.† However, because the plural noun and the singular verb still clash in the second sentence despite their lack of proximity, it is advisable to construct the sentence so that the singular pronoun precedes the plural one: â€Å"Neither the teacher nor the students remember hearing anything.† 4. Positive and Negative Subjects in Combination A subject consisting of positive and negative sentiments that differ in singular and plural form should be followed by a verb that corresponds with the positive element: â€Å"The delivery of the speech, not its contents, is the issue.† As with â€Å"either/or† and â€Å"neither/nor† constructions, perhaps it is best to rearrange the sentence so that the singular noun is in proximity with the verb: â€Å"It is not the contents of the speech, but its delivery, that is at issue.† 5. Expletives In sentences beginning with such expletives as here and there, the actual subject, which follows the verb, determines the verb form: â€Å"There is a word for that.† â€Å"Here are several choices.† 6. Plural Nouns for Single Objects Plural nouns that name single objects, such as scissors and pants, are matched with plural verbs unless the phrase â€Å"pair of† precedes the noun; in that case, pair is the subject: â€Å"Scissors are dangerous.† â€Å"A pair of scissors is required for this activity.† Some other nouns ending in s are also singular in meaning: â€Å"The mumps is a disease you don’t hear much about anymore.† Meanwhile, others stand for a single thing but call for a plural verb: â€Å"Thanks are in order.† 7. Fractional Phrases Phrases referring to a mathematical portion may, depending on the context, be singular or plural: â€Å"A small percentage of the employees are opposed.† â€Å"A large percentage of the cargo was damaged.† â€Å"Three-fourths of the land is forested.† â€Å"One-third of the trees are oaks.† Numbers expressed as part of a mathematical operation are linked with a plural verb, but the outcome of a computation is expressed as a single entity: â€Å"Ten and six are added together to equal sixteen.† â€Å"Ten minus six is four.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Letter "Z" Will Be Removed from the English AlphabetWhen Is a Question Not a Question?

Tres Zapotes (Mexico) - Olmec Capital City in Veracruz

Tres Zapotes (Mexico) - Olmec Capital City in Veracruz Tres Zapotes (Tres sah-po-tes, or three sapodillas) is an important Olmec archaeological site located in the state of Veracruz, in the south-central lowlands of the Gulf coast of Mexico. It is considered the third most important Olmec site, after San Lorenzo and La Venta. Named by archaeologists after the evergreen tree native to southern Mexico, Tres Zapotes flourished during the Late Formative/Late Preclassic period (after 400 BC) and was occupied for almost 2,000 years, until the end of the Classic period and into the Early Postclassic. The most important findings at this site include two colossal heads and the famous stela C. Tres Zapotes Cultural Development The site of Tres Zapotes lies on the hillside of a swampy area, near the Papaloapan and San Juan rivers of southern Veracruz, Mexico. The site contains more than 150 structures and about forty stone sculptures. Tres Zapotes became a main Olmec center only after the decline of San Lorenzo and La Venta. When the rest of the Olmec culture sites started to wane at around 400 BC, Tres Zapotes continued to survive, and it was occupied until the Early Postclassic about AD 1200. Most of the stone monuments at Tres Zapotes date to the Epi-Olmec period (which means post-Olmec), a period that began around 400 BC and signaled the decline of the Olmec world. The artistic style of these monuments shows a gradual decline of Olmec motifs and increasing stylistic connections with the Isthmus region of Mexico and the highlands of Guatemala. Stela C also belongs to the Epi-Olmec period. This monument features the second oldest Mesoamerican Long Count calendar date: 31 BC. Half of Stela C is on display in the local museum at Tres Zapotes; the other half is at the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City. Archeologists believe that during the Late Formative/Epi-Olmec period (400 BC-AD 250/300) Tres Zapotes was occupied by people with stronger connections with the Isthmus region of Mexico, probably Mixe, a group from the same linguistic family of the Olmec. After the decline of the Olmec culture, Tres Zapotes continued to be an important regional center, but by the end of the Classic period the site was in decline and was abandoned during the Early Postclassic. Site Layout More than 150 structures have been mapped at Tres Zapotes. These mounds, only a handful of which have been excavated, consist mainly of residential platforms clustered in different groups. The residential core of the site is occupied by Group 2, a set of structures organized around a central plaza and standing almost 12 meters (40 feet) tall. Group 1 and the Nestepe Group are other important residential groups located in the immediate periphery of the site. Most Olmec sites have a central core, a downtown where all the important buildings are located: Tres Zapotes, in contrast, features a dispersed settlement model, with several of its most important structures located on the periphery. This may have been because most of those were constructed after the decline of Olmec society. The two colossal heads found at Tres Zapotes, Monuments A and Q, were not found in the core zone of the site, but rather in the residential periphery, in Group 1 and Nestepe Group. Because of its long occupation sequence, Tres Zapotes is a key site not only for understanding the development of the Olmec culture  but, more generally for the transition from Preclassic to Classic period in the Gulf Coast and in Mesoamerica. Archaeological Investigations at Tres Zapotes Archaeological interest at Tres Zapotes begun at the end of the 19th century, when in 1867 the Mexican explorer Josà © Melgar y Serrano reported seeing an Olmec colossal head in the village of Tres Zapotes. Later on, in the 20th century, other explorers and local planters recorded and described the colossal head. In the 1930s, archaeologist Matthew Stirling undertook the first excavation at the site. After that, several projects, by Mexican and United States institutions, have been carried out at Tres Zapotes. Among the archaeologists who worked at Tres Zapotes include Philip Drucker and Ponciano Ortiz Ceballos. However, compared to other Olmec sites, Tres Zapotes is still poorly known. Sources This article has been edited by K. Kris Hirst Casellas Caà ±ellas E. 2005. El Contexto arqueolà ³gico de la cabeza colosal Olmeca Nà ºmero 7 de San Lorenzo, Veracruz, Mà ©xico. Bellaterra: Universitat Autà ²noma de Barcelona.Loughlin ML, Pool CA, Fernandez-Diaz JC, and Shrestha RL. 2016. Mapping the Tres Zapotes Polity: The Effectiveness of Lidar in Tropical Alluvial Settings. Advances in Archaeological Practice 4(3):301-313.Killion TW and Urcid J. 2001. The Olmec Legacy: Cultural Continuity and Change in Mexicos Southern Gulf Coast Lowlands Journal of Field Archaeology 28(1/2):3-25.Manzanilla L and Lopez Lujan L (eds.). 2001 [1995]. Historia Antigua de Mexico. Mexico City: Miguel Angel Porrà ºa.Pool CA, Ceballos PO, del Carmen Rodrà ­guez Martà ­nez M, and Loughlin ML. 2010. The early horizon at Tres Zapotes: implications for Olmec interaction. Ancient Mesoamerica 21(01):95-105.Pool CA, Knight CLF, and Glascock MD. 2014. Formative obsidian procurement at Tres Zapotes, Veracruz, Mexico: implications for Olmec and Epi-Olm ec political economy. Ancient Mesoamerica 25(1):271-293. Pool CA (ed.). 2003. Settlement Archaeology and Political Economy at Tres Zapotes, Veracruz, Mexico. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.Pool CA. 2007. Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.VanDerwarker A, and Kruger R. 2012. Regional variation in the importance and uses of maize in the Early and Middle Formative Olmec Heartland: New archaeobotanical data from the San Carlos homestead, southern Veracruz. Latin American Antiquity 23(4):509-532.